1. 1.    hussenyimamsani

 DeerAlex/ all I'm happy to join MAAN our main problem is nutrition so i am presenet these 10 facts

Facts on nutrition

1.Malnutrition, in all forms, is a major contributor to disease and early deaths for mothers and children. Under nutrition, including vitamin and mineral deficiencies, contributes to about one third of all child deaths, and impairs healthy development and life-long productivity. At the same time, growing rates of overweight are linked to a rise in chronic diseases. The result is a double burden of malnutrition.

2. A key indicator of chronic malnutrition is stunting - when children are too short for their age group compared to the WHO child growth standards. About 165 million children globally are stunted, according to 2011 figures, resulting from not enough food, a vitamin- and mineral-poor diet, inadequate child care and disease. As growth slows down, brain development lags and stunted children learn poorly. Stunting rates among children are highest in Africa and Asia. In Eastern Africa 42% were affected as of 2011.

3. Wasting and bilateral edemas are severe forms of malnutrition - resulting from acute food shortages and compounded by illness. About 1.5 million children die annually due to wasting. Rising food prices, food scarcity in areas of conflict, and natural disasters diminish household access to appropriate and adequate food, all of which can lead to wasting. Wasting demands emergency nutritional interventions to save lives.

4. Essential vitamins and minerals in the diet are vital to boost immunity and healthy development. Vitamin A, zinc, iron and iodine deficiencies are primary public health concerns. About 2 billion people are affected by inadequate iodine nutrition worldwide. More than one third of preschool-age children globally are vitamin A deficient. Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children.

5. Maternal undernutrition, common in many developing countries, leads to poor fetal development and higher risk of pregnancy complications. Together, maternal and child undernutrition account for more than 10 percent of the global burden of disease.

6. For healthier babies, WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months, introducing age-appropriate and safe complementary foods at six months, and continuing breastfeeding for up to two years or beyond. Worldwide, about 20% of deaths among children under-five could be avoided if these feeding guidelines are followed. Appropriate feeding decreases rates of stunting and obesity and stimulates intellectual development in young children.

7. Nutritional problems in adolescents start during childhood and continue into adult life. Anaemia is a key nutritional problem in adolescent girls. Preventing early pregnancies and assuring adequate intakes of essential nutrients for developing girls can reduce maternal and child deaths later, and stop cycles of malnutrition from one generation to the next. Globally, anemia affects 42% of pregnant women.

8. The rise in overweight and obesity worldwide is a major public health challenge. People of all ages and backgrounds face this form of malnutrition. As a consequence, rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other diet-related conditions are escalating worldwide. These are very difficult to treat in places with limited resources and with already overburdened health systems. About 43 million children under age five are overweight, according to 2011 figures.

9. Nutrition information is required to identify the areas where assistance is most needed. WHO released international child growth standards that provide benchmarks to compare children's nutritional status within and across countries and regions. Also, a nutrition landscape information system, developed by WHO and partners, provides country profiles on key nutrition indicators and affecting factors such as food, health and care.

10. Science has moved forward, and evidenced-based actions that will improve nutritional health - particularly for the most vulnerable - are known. In response, WHO and partners are working together to provide scientific advice to countries, as well as user-friendly, web-based tools. These concerted efforts are aimed to stimulate policies and interventions that will save lives.

(Source: 2015 world development report)

from this point of view we have to don on Nutritional problems which is global burdenof child stunting specially in Tehuledere  woreda,south Wollo Ethiopia

hussenyimamsani

First, Dear Alex,I am so lucky to have such nutrition person(Alex).s

stunting it is not just stunting        

Every one could know causes of stunting. These are:

• Ø no clean drinking water
• Ø no more education for girls
• Ø no providing women’s empowerment
• Ø no gender equality
• Ø no sufficient food
• Ø poor feeding practices
• poor maternal nutrition
• poor sanitation management

• greater risk for illness and premature death
• delayed mental development
•  poorer school performance
•  reduced productivity in the work area
• reduced cognitive capacity
• passive participant in politics
• specially for women  greater risk for complications during  delivering

So, stunting children is  not just only easy physical problems, but also it is stunting  of citizen and also transform to the next endless generation

To overcome by 50% these saver and burden of our 2nd and 3rd GTP, we have to made an awareness creation early.

Our college can take these home work. if we get some supporting means

 1.    hussenyimamsani

dear alex where are you noW? really in Islamabad?

  I have read some articles about Latres Sativa      which is worest . I want to share  as it is

Latres Sativa    ጓያን ሲበሉ በዕውቀትና በብልጠት

•    አንድ ሰው ከዕለታዊ ምግቡ 1/3ኛው ከጓያ የተዘጋጀ ከሆነ፣ ከወገብ በታች ሽባ ይሆናል
•    በህክምና ስለማይድን የችግሩ ተጠቂዎች የዕድሜ ልክ አካል ጉዳተኞች ይሆናሉ
•    ኢትዮጵያን ጨምሮ ቻይና፣ ህንድና ባንግላዲሽ ለችግሩ ተጋላጭ ናቸው
በሳይንሳዊ ስሙ ላትረስ ሣቲቫ (Latres Sativa) እየተባለ የሚጠራው ጓያ፤አስከፊ የሆነ የጐርፍና የድርቅ አደጋን ተቋቁሞ ከባህር ወለል በላይ ከ1800-2000 ሜትር በዋልካ አፈር ላይ ይበቅላል፡፡ የጓያ ሰብል ከ150 በላይ ዝርያዎች አሉት፡፡ በአገራችን ጓያ በስፋት ከሚመረትባቸው አካባቢዎች መካከል ጐጃም፣ ጐንደር፣ ሸዋ፣ ወሎና ትግራይ ዋንኞቹ ናቸው፡፡ አነስተኛ እርጥበት ወይም ከፍተኛ የውሃ ክምችት ባለበት ሥፍራ መብቀል የሚችል ሲሆን በእርሻ ላይ የናይትሮጂን መጠን በመጨመር፣ የአፈርን ለምነት የማሻሻል ብቃት አለው፡፡
ጓያ ከፍተኛ የካርቦሃይድሬትና የፕሮቲን ምንጭ ነው፡፡ ከክብደቱ 58% የሚሆነው ካርቦ ሃይድሬት፣25% ደግሞ ፕሮቲን ሲሆን ዝቅተኛ የቅባት ይዘትና ከፍተኛ የካልሺየምና የፎስፎረስ ማዕድናትን በውስጡ ይዟል፡፡
ሰሞኑን የኢትዮጵያ የህብረተሰብ ጤና ኢንስቲቲዩት ባዘጋጀው አውደጥናት ላይ የቀረበ መረጃ እንደሚጠቁመው፤ጓያን በስፋት እያመረቱ ለምግብነት የሚጠቀሙ ሰዎች በተለይም ዕድሜያቸው ከ15 እስከ 45 የሚደርሱ ወንዶች፣ ከወገብ በታች ያለውን የሰውነት ክፍሎቻቸውን በመሰባበር ለአስከፊ ጉዳት የሚዳርጋቸው ሲሆን ችግሩ በህክምና ሊፈወስ የማይችል በመሆኑ ተጠቂው የዕድሜ ልክ ሽባ ይሆናል፡፡  
በኢንስቲቲዩቱ የምግብ ሳይንስና ስነ ምግብ ምርምር ይፋ የሆነው ጥናት እንደሚያመላክተው፤አንድ ሰው ከዕለታዊ የምግብ ፍጆታው 1/3ኛው ከጓያ የተዘጋጀ ከሆነ  ከወገቡ በታች ሰውነቱን ማንቀሳቀስ የማይችል ሽባ ያደርገዋል፡፡  
ጓያን በተደጋጋሚ መመገብ መርዛማነቱ በተለያየ መጠን ወደ ሰውነታችን እንዲገባ መፍቀድ ሲሆን በጓያ ውስጥ የሚገኘው ቤታ አዶኝ የተባለው ንጥረ ነገር በአንጐላችንና በህብለ ሰረሰራችን ውስጥ በመከማቸትና የነርቭ ስርዓታችንን በማዛባት፣ ከወገብ በታች ስብራትን ያስከትላል ተብሏል፡፡ ጉዳቱ እንደ ሰውየው የጤንነትና የአቅም ሁኔታ የሚለያይ ሲሆን ከቅጽበት እስከ አስር ዓመት በሚደርስ የጊዜ ገደብ ውስጥ በጓያ ሳቢያ ለሚከተለው የጤና ችግር ተጠቂ ይሆናል፡፡ በጓያ ምክንያት የሚመጣው ስብራት፤ ኢትዮጵያን ጨምሮ የቻይና፣ የህንድና የባንግላዲሽ ህዝቦችን ለዓመታት ሲያጠቃ መቆየቱን መረጃዎች ያመለክታሉ፡፡  
በኢትዮጵያ የህብረተሰብ ጤና ኢንስቲቲዩት የምግብ ሣይንስና የኒውትሪሽን ምርምር ዳይሬክቶሬት በተዘጋጀውና በምግብና ሥርዓተ ምግብ ዙሪያ የተሰሩ ጥናቶች ይፋ በተደረጉበት ብሔራዊ የምግብና ሥርዓተ ምግብ ምርምር አውደ ጥናት ላይ የጓያ ስብራት መንስኤዎችና መከላከያ መንገዶች በሚል ርዕስ የቀረበው መረጃ፤የጓያ ሰብል ካለው ሥነ ምግባዊ ጠቀሜታ በበለጠ አስከፊ የጤና ችግርን ማስከተሉ መረጋገጡን ይጠቁማል፡፡
ጓያን ለአንድ ወይንም ለሁለት ሣምንታት በተከታታይ መመገብ አሊያም ከዕለታዊ የምግብ ፍጆታ 1/3ኛውን ከጓያ ማዘጋጀት ከወገብ በታች ያለውን አካል በማሽመድመድ ሽባ እንደሚያደርገው ይኸው መረጃ ያመለክታል፡፡  
የጓያ ስብራት ተጠቂው ለህመሙ የሚጋለጠው በቅጽበት አሊያም በአዝጋሚ ሁኔታ ሊሆን ይችላል፡፡ የጅማት መሸማቀቁ ችግር ከጊዜ ወደ ጊዜ እየጨመረና ስር እየሰደደ ሄዶ ተጠቂው በድንገት መንቀሳቀስ ያቅተዋል፡፡ በዚህ ሁኔታ ለህመሙ የሚጋለጡት ደግሞ በአብዛኛው ወንዶች ናቸው፡፡ በአዝጋሚ ሁኔታ ለችግሩ የሚጋለጡት ደግሞ በቁርጭምጭሚታቸውና በእግሮቻቸው መገጣጠሚያዎች ላይ ውስጥ ውስጡን የማሳከክ ስሜት ይኖራቸዋል፡፡ ይህ ስሜት ከ2-3 ወራት ለሚሆን ጊዜ ይቆያል፡፡
ቀስ በቀስም ከወገብ በታች ያለው የሰውነት ክፍል እየከበዳቸው ይሄዳል፡፡ በመጨረሻም በጊዜ ሂደት ሙሉ በሙሉ መንቀሳቀስ ይሳናቸዋል፡፡  
የጓያ ስብራት ህመም ምልክቶች
•    ቅጽበታዊ የሆነ የጡንቻ መሸማቀቅ ስሜት በእግር ላይና ባት አካባቢ ይሰማል
•    በእግር ባት ላይ አነስተኛ እብጠት ይኖራል
•    በጭንና በታፋ ላይ የህመም ስሜት ይፈጠራል  
•    የእግር አውራ ጣትና መዳፍ በቀላሉ አልታዘዝም ይላል
•    የእግር ጡንቻዎች ላይ የህመም ስሜት ይከሰታል  
የጓያ ስብራት አስከፊ ደረጃ ላይ ደርሶ ከወገብ በታች ያለውን የሰውነት አካል ጉዳት ላይ ከመጣሉ በፊት የችግሩ ተጠቂ ገና የመጀመሪያ ምልክቶቹን እንዳየ ጓያ ከመመገብ ቢታቀብ  ችግሩ ባለበት እንዲቆም በማድረግ፣ከአስከፊው የአካል ጉዳት ራሱን ሊጠብቅ ይችላል፡፡ በዚህ ጊዜ ተጠቂው በስብራቱ ሳቢያ ሙሉ በሙሉ መንቀሳቀስ ባያቅተውም መጠነኛ የቁርጭምጭሚት መታጠፍ እንዲሁም የመራመድና የመሮጥ ችግር ያጋጥመዋል፡፡
በኢንስቲቲዩቱ የምግብ ሳይንስና ሥነ-ምግብ ምርምር ዘርፍ በቅርቡ የተሰሩት ጥናቶች፣ ጓያ በውስጡ በጣም አደገኛ የሆነ ንጥረ ቅመም እንዳለው ያረጋገጡ ሲሆን የበሽታውን ጉዳት ለመከላከል ለህብረተሰቡ ተከታታይነት ያለውና መሠረታዊ የሆነ የግንዛቤ ማስጨበጫ ሥራዎች ሊሰሩ እንደሚገባ ተገልጿል፡፡
የጓያ ስብራት አራት አይነት ደረጃዎች አሉት፡፡ የመጀመሪያው ደረጃ በርካታ የጓያ ስብራት ተጠቂዎች የሚገኙበትና የበሽታው ምንነት በደንብ የማይታወቅበት ደረጃ ነው፡፡ በመጀመሪያው የጓያ ስብራት ደረጃ ላይ የሚገኙ ተጠቂዎች መለያቸው አጭር እርምጃና ያልተለመደ የሰውነት እንቅስቃሴ ነው፡፡ በታችኛው የጭናቸው ክፍል ላይ የጡንቻ መጨማደድ፣ በተረከዝ ሙሉ በሙሉ መርገጥ አለመቻል ---- የመጀመሪያ ደረጃ የጓያ ስብራት ምልክቶች ሲሆኑ በዚህ ደረጃ ላይ የሚገኙ ህሙማን ያለድጋፍ መንቀሳቀስ የሚችሉ ናቸው፡፡
በጓያ ስብራት የመጀመሪያ ደረጃ ህመም ላይ የሚገኙ ሰዎች ወደ ሁለተኛው የበሽታ ደረጃ ለመሻገር ከወራት እስከ 10 ዓመታት ጊዜ ሊወስድባቸው ይችላል፡፡ ይህ የሚወሰነው በሽታን በመቋቋም አቅማቸው ነው፡፡ የጡንቻ መጠንከርና አለመታዘዝ፣ የሰውነት ሚዛንን መጠበቅ አለመቻል በዚህ ደረጃ ላይ ባሉ ህሙማን በስፋት ይታያል፡፡
ህሙማኑ ሚዛናቸውን ጠብቀው መራመድ ስለማይችሉም የዱላ ድጋፍ ያስፈልጋቸዋል፡፡ በጓያ ስብራት የደረጃ ሶስት ህመም ውስጥ የሚገኙ ህሙማን፤ከደረጃ አንድና ሁለት በቁጥር ያነሱ ናቸው፡፡ ምክንያቱም ችግሩ በሁለቱ ላይ እያለ ረዘም ላለ ጊዜ መቆየት ስለሚችል ነው፡፡ የጡንቻ አለመታዘዝና በጣም መጠንከር ዋንኛ ምልክቱ ሲሆን የእግር አቅጣጫ እንዲዞርና የተመሰቃቀለ አረማመድ እንዲፈጠር ያደርጋል፡፡ በእንቅስቃሴ ወቅት ከወገብ በታች ያለው የዳሌ ክፍል ወደ ጐን ስለሚገፋ፣ ጡንቻ በከፍተኛ ሁኔታ ስለሚጠነክርና ስለማይታዘዝ የሰውነት ሚዛንን ለመጠበቅ ያስቸግራል፡፡ ስለሆነም ህመምተኛው የሁለት ዱላ ድጋፍ ማግኘት ግድ ይለዋል፡፡ የጓያ ስብራት የመጨረሻውና አራተኛው ደረጃው፣ በእግር ለመቆምና ለመንቀሳቀስ የማያስችል ነው፡፡ የቁርጭምጭሚት በከፍተኛ መጠን መታጠፍ፣ የጭንና የታፋ ጡንቻዎች መጠንከር ይፈጠራል፡፡ በዚህም ምክንያት ታማሚው በእንቅስቃሴ ወቅት ሙሉ ክብደቱን በእጁ ለመሸከም ይገደዳል፡፡ ከቦታ ቦታ ለመንቀሳቀስም በእጅጉ ይቸገራል፡፡
የጓያ ስብራት ከሚያሳድረው የጤንነት ችግር በተጨማሪ ስነልቦናዊ፣ ኢኮኖሚያዊና ማህበራዊ ተፅዕኖው እጅግ አስከፊ እንደሆነ የጠቆመው ጥናቱ፤በሽታው ከመከሰቱ በፊት በተለያዩ መንገዶች መከላከል እንደሚቻል ገልጿል፡፡ ዋንኛ የጓያ ስብራት መከላከያ መንገድ ጓያን ለምግብነት ከማዋል በፊት በውስጡ የያዘውን አደገኛ መርዛማ ንጥረ ነገር በተለያዩ ዘዴዎች  ማስወገድ ነው፡፡ ለምሳሌ በፈላ ውሃ መዘፍዘፍ አንዱ መንገድ ነው፡፡ ከሚዘፈዘፈው ጓያ በአራት እጅ የሚበልጥ ውሃ አፍልቶ ለሰዓታት መዘፍዘፍና ደጋግሞ በቀዝቃዛ ውሃ እያጠቡ መርዛማ ንጥረ ነገሩ አስወግዶ በፀሐይ ማድረቅ፣ አሊያም ጓያውን በቀዝቃዛ ውሃ ውስጥ ለ12 ሰዓታት ያህል በመዘፍዘፍ ውሃውን ማስወገድ፣ በመቀጠልም እርጥቡን የጓያ ፍሬ በእንፋሎት ከ20 እስከ 30 ደቂቃ ማፈን፣ በመቀጠልም በቀዝቃዛ ውሃ ለአንድ ሰዓት ያህል መዘፍዘፍ፤ ከዚያም ውሃውን ማጥለልና በፀሐይ ማድረቅ፡፡ ሁለቱ ዘዴዎች በጓያው ውስጥ የሚገኘውንና ከ80-90% የሚሆነውን መርዛማ ንጥረ ነገር ለማስወገድ እንደሚያስችሉ ታውቋል፡፡ 

hussenyimamsani

Nutrition and infection

The relationship between nutrition and infection in general as follow. Poor nutrition increases the body’s vulnerability to infections, and then infections aggravate poor nutrition. Inadequate dietary intake leads to poor nutrition and lowers immune system functioning.

Poor nutrition reduces the body’s ability to fight infections and therefore helps increase the incidence, severity, and length of infections. Symptoms that accompany infections such as loss of appetite, diarrhea, and fever lead to reduced food intake, poor nutrient absorption, nutrient loss, and altered metabolism. All of these contribute to weight loss and growth faltering, which further weaken the immune system.

     generally about the cycle

• Poor nutrition increases vulnerability to infection.

• Infections also cause and aggravate poor nutrition.

• Poor nutrition weakens the immune system.

• Poor nutrition helps increase the incidence, severity, and duration of infections.

• Symptoms of infections lead to weight loss and growth faltering, further weakening immunity.

There  is  no  doubt  about  the  importance  of nutrition, but is nutrient deficiencies  can  lead  to  low  intelligence. I think we already know the impacts  of nutrition and then we have an assignment which is awareness creation in my hom land -Tehuledere  South wollo Ethiopia

Source: : RCQHC and FANTA 2003a  Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual for Nurses and Midwives

1. 1.    hussenyimamsani

Dear  all MAAN

• Poor nutrition severely hinders personal, social and national development The skilled and entrepreneurial workforce  needs to create wealth to overcome this  problem according to Ethiopian TVET strategy  institutions  can  respond  to  the  youth,  the poor and   especially  women  and  children,  suffer  most  from  various

forms  of  social  and  economic  deprivation,  including  hunger  and malnutrition, inadequate healthcare, limited access to education, and low

self-esteem.

  my opinion  most of the support  should be to Technical and vocational education  Institution. we have to work broadly capacity bulging & awernece creation  in TVET campus

    please discus about

  Hussen Yimam Sani

from Ethiopia ,Amhara  Region, South Wollo Zon Tehuledere Woreda In Logo Haik TVET College.

1. 1.    hussenyimamsani

Dear all MAAN

look the next article

restlessness, irritability, impulsivity and a proneness of children  are nutritional factors  but often unrecognized  and also neglected  , Therefore not properly addressed  to our community.

• Deficiencies of vitamins  associated with irritability.
• Deficiency of iron  may cause learning deficits such  asweakening,inefficent
• Deficiency of magnesium also lead to sensitivity to stress, may promote aggressive behavior.

Therefore  properly addressed  to our community is the best way to built peace environment ( community).

1. Dear all MAAN

This is hot greeting from Hussen yimam sani haik TVET

I am so sorry ,I late for few weeks in cause of no connection,

Nutrition Can Greatly Impact Your Child’s Learning Ability

The nutritional quality of our diet affects our wellbeing throughout our lives, but it has an even greater impact on children whose bodies and minds are still growing. Nutritional deficiencies can seriously damage a child’s neural development, possibly leading to lower IQ and learning disabilities.

Studies by neuroscientists have found that low-quality nutrition during childhood can be detrimental to the development of cognitive capabilities, such as learning, problem solving and memorizing. Early malnourishment can lead to deficiencies in vision, fine motors skills, language and social skills as well as an array of chronic illnesses lasting well into adulthood